{"id":13408,"date":"2022-08-30T14:41:11","date_gmt":"2022-08-30T14:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2022\/08\/30\/how-twitters-child-porn-problem-ruined-its-plans-for-an-onlyfans-competitor\/"},"modified":"2022-08-30T14:41:13","modified_gmt":"2022-08-30T14:41:13","slug":"how-twitters-child-porn-problem-ruined-its-plans-for-an-onlyfans-competitor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2022\/08\/30\/how-twitters-child-porn-problem-ruined-its-plans-for-an-onlyfans-competitor\/","title":{"rendered":"How Twitter\u2019s child porn problem ruined its plans for an OnlyFans competitor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/23327809\/twitter-onlyfans-child-sexual-content-problem-elon-musk\">https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/23327809\/twitter-onlyfans-child-sexual-content-problem-elon-musk<\/a><br \/>\n<code><br \/><\/br><\/code><\/p>\n<div readability=\"369.95575683679\">\n<p class=\"p--has-dropcap p-large-text\" id=\"RoRtGZ\">In the spring of 2022, Twitter considered making a radical change to the platform. After years of quietly allowing adult content on the service, the company would monetize it. The proposal: give adult content creators the ability to begin selling OnlyFans-style paid subscriptions, with Twitter keeping a share of the revenue.<\/p>\n<p id=\"tat47P\">Had the project been approved, Twitter would have risked a massive backlash from advertisers, who generate the vast majority of the company\u2019s revenues. But the service could have generated more than enough to compensate for losses. OnlyFans, the most popular by far of the adult creator sites, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.axios.com\/2021\/08\/19\/onlyfans-investors-struggle\">is projecting $2.5 billion in revenue this year<\/a> \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/twitter-announces-fourth-quarter-and-fiscal-year-2021-results-301479494.html\">about half<\/a> of Twitter\u2019s 2021 revenue \u2014 and is already a profitable company. <\/p>\n<p id=\"M8RKOo\">Some executives thought Twitter could easily begin capturing a share of that money since the service is already the primary marketing channel for most OnlyFans creators. And so resources were pushed to a new project called ACM: Adult Content Monetization.<\/p>\n<p id=\"RDXahC\">Before the final go-ahead to launch, though, Twitter convened 84 employees to form what it called a \u201cRed Team.\u201d The goal was \u201cto pressure-test the decision to allow adult creators to monetize on the platform, by specifically focusing on what it would look like for Twitter to do this safely and responsibly,\u201d according to documents obtained by <em>The Verge <\/em>and interviews with current and former Twitter employees.<\/p>\n<div class=\"c-float-right c-float-hang\">\n<aside id=\"wX7tHl\"><q>Executives are apparently well-informed about the issue, and the company is doing little to fix it<\/q><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"FkR7iv\">What the Red Team discovered derailed the project: Twitter could not safely allow adult creators to sell subscriptions because the company was not \u2014 and still is not \u2014 effectively policing harmful sexual content on the platform.<\/p>\n<p id=\"n07WeT\">\u201cTwitter cannot accurately detect child sexual exploitation and non-consensual nudity at scale,\u201d the Red Team concluded in April 2022. The company also lacked tools to verify that creators and consumers of adult content were of legal age, the team found. As a result, in May \u2014 weeks after Elon Musk agreed to purchase the company for $44 billion \u2014 the company delayed the project indefinitely. If Twitter couldn\u2019t consistently remove child sexual exploitative content on the platform today, how would it even begin to monetize porn? <\/p>\n<p id=\"qC8iWd\">Launching ACM would worsen the problem, the team found. Allowing creators to begin putting their content behind a paywall would mean that even more illegal material would make its way to Twitter \u2014 and more of it would slip out of view. Twitter had few effective tools available to find it.<\/p>\n<p id=\"aXAPcV\">Taking the Red Team report seriously, leadership decided it would not launch Adult Content Monetization until Twitter put more health and safety measures in place.<\/p>\n<div class=\"c-float-left c-float-hang\">\n<aside id=\"KpTwUX\"><q>Twitter has not committed sufficient resources to detect, remove, and prevent harmful content from the platform<\/q><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"gC7kCg\">The Red Team report \u201cwas part of a discussion, which ultimately led to us pause the workstream for the right reasons,\u201d said Twitter spokeswoman Katie Rosborough.<\/p>\n<p id=\"bt0fbP\">But that did little to change the problem at hand \u2014 one that employees from across the company have been warning about for over a year. According to interviews with current and former staffers, as well as 58 pages of internal documents obtained by <em>The Verge, <\/em>Twitter still has a problem with content that sexually exploits children. Executives are apparently well-informed about the issue, and the company is doing little to fix it.<\/p>\n<p id=\"4flopa\">\u201cTwitter has zero tolerance for child sexual exploitation,\u201d Twitter\u2019s Rosborough said. \u201cWe aggressively fight online child sexual abuse and have invested significantly in technology and tools to enforce our policy. Our dedicated teams work to stay ahead of bad-faith actors and to help ensure we\u2019re protecting minors from harm \u2014 both on and offline.\u201d <\/p>\n<hr class=\"p-entry-hr\" id=\"rurUVw\">\n<p class=\"p--has-dropcap\" id=\"auQo7f\">While the Red Team\u2019s work succeeded in delaying the Adult Content Monetization project, nothing the team discovered should have come as a surprise to Twitter\u2019s executives. Fifteen months earlier, researchers working on the team tasked with making Twitter more civil and safe sounded the alarm about the weak state of Twitter\u2019s tools for detecting child sexual exploitation (CSE) and implored executives to add more resources to fix it.<\/p>\n<div class=\"c-float-right c-float-hang\">\n<aside id=\"ISzBfN\"><q>The system that Twitter heavily relied on to discover CSE had begun to break<\/q><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"K6S8fS\">\u201cWhile the amount of CSE online has grown exponentially, Twitter\u2019s investment in technologies to detect and manage the growth has not,\u201d begins a February 2021 report from the company\u2019s Health team. \u201cTeams are managing the workload using legacy tools with known broken windows. In short (and outlined at length below), [content moderators] are keeping the ship afloat with limited-to-no-support from Health.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"0ABvSr\">Employees we spoke to reiterated that despite executives knowing about the company\u2019s CSE problems, Twitter has not committed sufficient resources to detect, remove, and prevent harmful content from the platform.<\/p>\n<p id=\"HrZbu7\">Part of the problem is scale. Every platform struggles to manage the illegal materials users upload to the site, and in that regard, Twitter is no different. The platform, a critical medium for global communication with 229 million daily users, has the content moderation challenges that come with operating any large space on the internet and the added struggle of outsized scrutiny from politicians and the media. <\/p>\n<p id=\"OxPnZq\">But unlike larger peers, including Google and Facebook, Twitter has suffered from a history of mismanagement and a generally weak business that has failed to turn a profit for eight of the past 10 years. As a result, the company has invested far less in content moderation and user safety than its rivals. In 2019, Mark Zuckerberg boasted that the amount Facebook spends on safety features exceeds <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pcmag.com\/news\/zuck-our-security-efforts-will-suffer-if-facebook-is-broken-up\">Twitter\u2019s entire annual revenue<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"wXKqgw\">Meanwhile, the system that Twitter heavily relied on to discover CSE had begun to break.<\/p>\n<p id=\"MN69CL\">For years, tech platforms have collaborated to find known CSE material by matching images against a widely deployed database called PhotoDNA. Microsoft created the service in 2009, and though it is accurate in identifying CSE, PhotoDNA can only flag known images. By law, platforms that search for CSE are required to report what they find to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC), a government-funded nonprofit that tracks the problem and shares information with law enforcement. An NCMEC analysis cited by Twitter\u2019s working group found that of the 1 million reports submitted each month, 84 percent contain newly-discovered CSE \u2014 none of which would be flagged by PhotoDNA. In practice, this means Twitter is likely failing to detect a significant amount of illegal content on the platform.<\/p>\n<div class=\"c-float-left c-float-hang\">\n<aside id=\"vSlLio\"><q>Twitter failed to remove the videos, \u201callowing them to be viewed by hundreds of thousands of the platform\u2019s users\u201d<\/q><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"c0XT4p\">The 2021 report found that the processes Twitter uses to identify and remove CSE are woefully inadequate \u2014 largely manual at a time when larger companies have increasingly turned to automated systems that can catch material that isn\u2019t flagged by PhotoDNA. Twitter\u2019s primary enforcement software is \u201ca legacy, unsupported tool\u201d called RedPanda, according to the report. \u201cRedPanda is by far one of the most fragile, inefficient, and under-supported tools we have on offer,\u201d one engineer quoted in the report said.<\/p>\n<p id=\"HBZo6q\">Twitter devised a manual system to submit reports to NCMEC. But the February report found that because it is so labor-intensive, this created a backlog of cases to review, delaying many instances of CSE from being reported to law enforcement.<\/p>\n<p id=\"xjUkUj\">The machine learning tools Twitter does have are mostly unable to identify new instances of CSE in tweets or live video, the report found. Until February 2022, there was no way for users to flag content as anything more specific than \u201csensitive media\u201d \u2014 a broad category that meant some of the worst material on the platform often wasn\u2019t prioritized for moderation. In one case, an illegal video was viewable on the platform for more than 23 hours, even after it had been widely reported as abusive.<\/p>\n<p id=\"IrsTsd\">\u201cThese gaps also put Twitter at legal and reputation risk,\u201d Twitter\u2019s working group wrote in its report.<\/p>\n<p id=\"N0dYDJ\">Rosborough said that since February 2021, the company has increased its investment in CSE detection significantly. She noted that it currently has <a href=\"https:\/\/careers.twitter.com\/en\/roles.html#q=child%20safety&#038;sortBy=relevance\">four open positions for child safety roles<\/a> at a time when Twitter has slowed down its pace of hiring.<\/p>\n<p id=\"edcF4B\">Earlier this year, NCMEC accused Twitter of leaving up videos containing \u201cobvious\u201d and \u201cgraphic\u201d child sexual abuse material in an amicus brief submitted to the ninth circuit in <a href=\"https:\/\/news.bloomberglaw.com\/product-liability-and-toxics-law\/twitter-faces-claim-it-benefited-from-child-sex-trafficking\"><em>John Doe #1 et al. v. Twitter<\/em><\/a>. \u201cThe children informed the company that they were minors, that they had been \u2018baited, harassed, and threatened\u2019 into making the videos, that they were victims of \u2018sex abuse\u2019 under investigation by law enforcement,\u201d the brief read. Yet, Twitter failed to remove the videos, \u201callowing them to be viewed by hundreds of thousands of the platform\u2019s users.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"ZUHbNd\">This echoed a concern of Twitter\u2019s own employees, who wrote in a February report that the company, along with other tech platforms, has \u201caccelerated the pace of CSE content creation and distribution to a breaking point where manual detection, review, and investigations no longer scale\u201d by allowing adult content and failing to invest in systems that could effectively monitor it. <\/p>\n<div class=\"c-float-right c-float-hang\">\n<aside id=\"O41fpr\"><q>The years-long struggle to address CSE ran into a competing priority at Twitter: greatly increasing its user and revenue numbers<\/q><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"DfDL5g\">To address the issue, the working group called on Twitter executives to work on a series of projects. The group recommended that the company finally build a single tool to process CSE reports, collect and analyze related data, and submit reports to NCMEC. It should create unique fingerprints (called hashes) of the CSE it finds and share those fingerprints with other tech platforms. And it should build features to protect the mental health of content moderators, most of whom work for third-party vendors, by blurring the faces of abuse victims or de-saturating the images.<\/p>\n<p id=\"xQHLnI\">But even in 2021, before the company\u2019s tumultuous acquisition by Musk began, the working group acknowledged that mustering the necessary resources would be a challenge.<\/p>\n<p id=\"oTJH43\">\u201cThe task of \u2018fixing\u2019 CSE tooling is daunting,\u201d they wrote. \u201c[The Health team]\u2019s strategy should be to chip away at these needs over time starting with the highest priority features to avoid the too-big-to-prioritize trap.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"nAQm3v\">The project may have been too big to prioritize after all. Aside from enabling in-app reporting of CSE, there appears to have been little progress on the group\u2019s other recommendations. One of the research teams that had been most vocal about fixing Twitter\u2019s CSE detection systems has been disbanded. (Twitter\u2019s Rosborough says the team has been \u201crefocused to reflect its core purpose of child safety\u201d and has had dedicated engineers added to it.) Employees say that Twitter\u2019s executives know about the problem, but the company has repeatedly failed to act. <\/p>\n<hr class=\"p-entry-hr\" id=\"NRs79Z\">\n<p class=\"p--has-dropcap\" id=\"osUFvX\">The years-long struggle to address CSE ran into a competing priority at Twitter: greatly increasing its user and revenue numbers. In 2020, the activist investor Elliott Management <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2020-02-29\/singer-s-elliott-is-said-to-seek-to-replace-twitter-ceo-dorsey?sref=CrGXSfHu\">took a large position in Twitter in an effort to force out then-CEO Jack Dorsey<\/a>. He survived the attempt, but to remain as CEO, Dorsey made three hard-to-keep promises: that Twitter would increase its user base by 100 million people, speed up revenue growth, and gain market share in digital advertising.<\/p>\n<p id=\"Rt1bRb\">Dorsey quit as CEO in November 2021, having made little progress toward reaching those milestones. It was left to his hand-picked successor, former chief technology officer Parag Agrawal, to fulfill Elliott\u2019s demands.<\/p>\n<p id=\"AlxSfp\">Under its former head of product, Kayvon Beykpour, Twitter had spent the past few years adding products for creators. Last summer, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2021\/8\/27\/22644283\/twitter-ticketed-spaces-live-audio-test\">it began rolling out \u201cticketed Spaces,<\/a>\u201d letting users charge for access to its Clubhouse-like live audio product. The company added \u201cSuper Follows,\u201d a way for users to offer subscriptions for non-sexually explicit content, <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.twitter.com\/en_us\/topics\/product\/2021\/introducing-super-follows\">last September<\/a>. In both cases, the company takes a percentage of the user\u2019s revenue, allowing the company to make money outside its core ad business.<\/p>\n<div class=\"c-float-left c-float-hang\">\n<aside id=\"Kqzkji\"><q>\u201cAdult content was a huge differentiator for Twitter, and for those [working] on revenue, it was an untapped resource.\u201d<\/q><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"9VHEv0\">While all of that unfolded, Twitter had become a major destination for another type of content: porn. In the nearly four years since <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2018\/12\/3\/18123752\/tumblr-adult-content-porn-ban-date-explicit-changes-why-safe-mode\">Tumblr banned adult content<\/a>, Twitter had become one of the only mainstream sites that allows users to upload sexually explicit photos and videos. It also attracted a significant number of performers who use Twitter to market and grow their businesses, using photos and short video clips as advertisements for paywalled services like OnlyFans.<\/p>\n<p id=\"b5KgPC\">\u201cAdult content was a huge differentiator for Twitter, and for those [working] on revenue, it was an untapped resource,\u201d a former employee says.<\/p>\n<p id=\"a0sOSg\">Twitter is so important to the porn world that fears the company will eventually cave to external pressures and shut it down have regularly <a href=\"https:\/\/mashable.com\/article\/twitter-porn-ban\">occasionally roiled the world of adult creators<\/a>. In fact, though, by this spring, the company was considering a move that would make porn even <em>more<\/em> important to the platform \u2014 by placing it at the center of a new revenue plan. <\/p>\n<p id=\"m7smwK\">Twitter already had Super Follows for non-explicit content, the thinking went. Why not add the feature for creators of adult content, too? The timing felt right, especially after OnlyFans alienated users by saying last year that it would ban adult content, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2021\/8\/25\/22640988\/onlyfans-no-ban-porn-sexually-explicit-content-creators\">only to reverse its stance a few days later<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p id=\"3AXztC\">Executives rarely discuss its popularity as a destination for adult content. (One document obtained by <em>The Verge<\/em> suggests the company has a strategy \u201cto minimize focus and press\u201d related to the subject.) But over the past two years, the company got very serious about adult content and began actively exploring an OnlyFans-like service for its users.<\/p>\n<p id=\"bLeymw\">By this spring, the company was nearing a final decision. On April 21st and 22nd, Twitter convened another Red Team, this time for a project called Adult Creator Monetization, or ACM.<\/p>\n<p id=\"NyGq86\">Twitter would have several strengths if it decided to compete with OnlyFans, the Red Team found. Adult creators have a generally favorable attitude toward the company, thanks to how easy Twitter makes it for them to distribute their content. The project was also \u201cconsistent with Twitter\u2019s principles in free speech and freedom of expression,\u201d they said. Finally, the company was planning to obtain a money transmitter license so it could legally handle payments.<\/p>\n<p id=\"6dKaro\">Given the size of the opportunity, the Red Team wrote, \u201cACM can help fund infrastructure engineering improvements to the rest of the platform.\u201d <\/p>\n<p id=\"Qwl92W\">But the team found several key risks as well. \u201cWe stand to lose significant revenue from our top advertisers,\u201d the team wrote. It speculated that it could also alienate customers and attract significant scrutiny from Congress.<\/p>\n<p id=\"niGqVS\">The biggest concerns, though, had to deal with the company\u2019s systems for detecting CSE and non-consensual nudity: \u201cToday we cannot proactively identify violative content and have inconsistent adult content [policies] and enforcement,\u201d the team wrote. \u201cWe have weak security capabilities to keep the products secure.\u201d <\/p>\n<div class=\"c-float-right c-float-hang\">\n<aside id=\"d7Dj6J\"><q>Twitter has had several high-profile data breaches. Eventually, Twitter abandoned the project.<\/q><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"TPqKis\">Fixing that would be costly, and the company would be likely to make enforcement errors. Non-consensual nudes, they wrote, \u201ccan ruin lives when posted and monetized.\u201d <\/p>\n<p id=\"qnrb8Y\">Moreover, the report said, \u201cThere are several challenges to maintaining this as a top priority. \u2026 We\u2019re thinking about health as a parallel to monetization, instead of as a prerequisite.\u201d  <\/p>\n<p id=\"FCmLzt\">Beykpour, Twitter\u2019s former head of product, had pushed Twitter to roll out Real ID \u2014 a feature that would require users to upload government documents to prove their identity. If Twitter wanted to monetize adult content, it would need to verify the ages of the people creating that content, as well as the people watching it. But employees had already determined that Real ID presented serious problems. Matching IDs with government databases was expensive and required a secure network. Twitter has had several high-profile data breaches. Eventually, Twitter abandoned the project. <\/p>\n<p id=\"ipba85\">Soon, the group\u2019s priorities would change completely. On August 23rd, Twitter announced that the health team would be reorganized and combined with a team tasked with identifying spam accounts. The move came amid increasing pressure from Elon Musk, who claimed the company was lying about the number of bots on the platform. <\/p>\n<p id=\"iWLMQ3\">\u201cIt was a gut punch,\u201d says a former researcher on the team. \u201cFor Elon Musk to declare that spam was the single most important question that needed to be answered in order for him to buy the company is ludicrous.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-end-para\" id=\"PqedNv\">But Twitter\u2019s troubles with Musk \u2014 and the internal chaos they would cause \u2014 were just beginning.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><code><br \/><\/br><\/code><\/p>\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/23327809\/twitter-onlyfans-child-sexual-content-problem-elon-musk\">https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/23327809\/twitter-onlyfans-child-sexual-content-problem-elon-musk<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Source: In the spring of 2022, Twitter considered making a radical change to the platform. After years of quietly allowing adult content on the service, the company would monetize it. The proposal: give adult content creators the ability to begin selling OnlyFans-style paid subscriptions, with Twitter keeping a share of the revenue. Had the project [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13409,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"pagelayer_contact_templates":[],"_pagelayer_content":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How Twitter\u2019s child porn problem ruined its plans for an OnlyFans competitor - Science and Nerds<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2022\/08\/30\/how-twitters-child-porn-problem-ruined-its-plans-for-an-onlyfans-competitor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Twitter\u2019s child porn problem ruined its plans for an OnlyFans competitor - Science and Nerds\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Source: In the spring of 2022, Twitter considered making a radical change to the platform. After years of quietly allowing adult content on the service, the company would monetize it. The proposal: give adult content creators the ability to begin selling OnlyFans-style paid subscriptions, with Twitter keeping a share of the revenue. 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