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action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home4/scienrds/scienceandnerds/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6114Source:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/long-sought-math-proof-unlocks-more-mysterious-modular-forms-20230309\/<\/a><\/br> So they assumed the opposite: that there exists a noncongruence modular form with bounded denominators. By definition, it would live in the gap that Calegari, Dimitrov and Tang were trying to close. The three then showed that the existence of this noncongruence modular form automatically implied the existence of lots of other noncongruence modular forms with bounded denominators. It was as if a whole forest had grown from that single seed.<\/p>\n But they had already established the maximum size of the gap \u2014 and it was too small to fit that many noncongruence forms.<\/p>\n Which meant that even one such form couldn\u2019t exist. They\u2019d proved Atkin and Swinnerton-Dyer\u2019s decades-old conjecture.<\/p>\n Mathematicians find the techniques used in the work even more intriguing than the result itself. \u201cThese ideas have never been used before in studying the arithmetic of modular forms,\u201d Scholl said.<\/p>\n As Voight explains, though the study of modular forms started out as part of the field of complex analysis, current work has been the purview of number theory and algebraic geometry. The new paper, he said, marks a return to complex analysis: \u201cIt\u2019s a refreshingly old perspective.\u201d<\/p>\n Mathematicians aren\u2019t the only ones excited about the unbounded denominators conjecture. It also makes an appearance in theoretical physics.<\/p>\n In the 1970s, another story was unfolding in parallel to the one begun by Atkin and Swinnerton-Dyer. Mathematicians had noticed a strange connection<\/a> between an object called the monster group and a modular form called the j<\/em>-function. The coefficients of the j<\/em>-function precisely reflected certain properties of the monster group.<\/p>\n Later research revealed that this connection was due to the fact that both the group and the modular form were related to an important model of particle interactions called a two-dimensional conformal field theory.<\/p>\n But the conformal field theory that linked the monster group to the j<\/em>-function was just one example of an infinite number of conformal field theories. And while these theories don\u2019t describe the universe we live in, understanding them can yield new insights into how more realistic quantum field theories might behave.<\/p>\n And so physicists have continued to study conformal field theories by looking at their associated modular forms. (In this context, physicists use a more general notion of a modular form, called a vector-valued modular form.)<\/p>\n To get a handle on what\u2019s going on with a particular conformal field theory, you have to show that its modular form is congruence, said Michael Tuite<\/a>, a mathematician and theoretical physicist at the University of Galway in Ireland. You can then start to describe conformal field theories, and even discover new ones you didn\u2019t know to look for. This is particularly crucial for an ongoing effort to classify all conformal field theories \u2014 a project that physicists have dubbed the modular bootstrap.<\/p>\n \u201cOnce you know it\u2019s a congruence modular form, that enables you to make enormous strides in this program,\u201d Mason said.<\/p>\n
\nNew Proof Distinguishes Mysterious and Powerful \u2018Modular Forms\u2019<\/br>
\n2023-03-10 21:58:08<\/br><\/p>\nA Search for New Theories<\/strong><\/h2>\n