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{"id":32915,"date":"2023-05-23T21:45:51","date_gmt":"2023-05-23T21:45:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2023\/05\/23\/tiktoks-lead-privacy-regulator-in-europe-takes-heat-from-meps\/"},"modified":"2023-05-23T21:45:53","modified_gmt":"2023-05-23T21:45:53","slug":"tiktoks-lead-privacy-regulator-in-europe-takes-heat-from-meps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2023\/05\/23\/tiktoks-lead-privacy-regulator-in-europe-takes-heat-from-meps\/","title":{"rendered":"TikTok\u2019s lead privacy regulator in Europe takes heat from MEPs"},"content":{"rendered":"

Source:https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2023\/05\/23\/tiktok-helen-dixon-libe-committee\/<\/a><\/br>
\nTikTok\u2019s lead privacy regulator in Europe takes heat from MEPs<\/br>
\n2023-05-23 21:45:51<\/br><\/p>\n

\n

MEPs in the European Parliament took the opportunity of a rare in-person appearance by Ireland\u2019s data protection commissioner, Helen Dixon, to criticize the bloc\u2019s lead privacy regulator for most of Big Tech over how long it\u2019s taking to investigate the video-sharing social media platform TikTok.<\/p>\n

This concern is the latest expression of wider worries about enforcement<\/a> of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) not keeping pace with usage of major digital platforms.<\/p>\n

The Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) opened two inquiries into aspects of TikTok\u2019s business back in September 2021<\/a>: One focused on its handling of children\u2019s data; and another looking at data transfers to China, where the platform\u2019s parent company is based. Neither has yet concluded. Although the kids\u2019 data inquiry looks relatively advanced along the GDPR enforcement rail at this stage \u2014 with Ireland having submitted it to other EU regulators for review in September last year<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Per Dixon, a final decision on the TikTok kids\u2019 data case should arrive later this year.<\/p>\n

The UK\u2019s data protection watchdog \u2014 which now operates outside the EU \u2014 has taken some enforcement action in this area already, putting out a provisional finding that TikTok misused children\u2019s data last fall<\/a>. The ICO went on to issue its final decision on the investigation last month<\/a>, when it levied a fine of around $15.7M. (Albeit, it\u2019s worth noting it shrunk the size of the fine imposed and narrowed the scope of the final decision, dropping a provisional finding that TikTok had unlawfully used special category data \u2014 blaming resource limitations for downgrading the scope of its investigation.)<\/p>\n

In remarks to the European Parliament\u2019s civil liberties committee (LIBE) today, which had invited Ireland\u2019s data protection commissioner to talk about TikTok specifically, Dixon signalled an expectation that a decision on the TikTok children\u2019s data probe would be coming this year, making a reference to the company as she told MEPs: \u201c2023 is going to be an even bigger year for GDPR enforcement on foot of DPC large scale investigations.\u201d<\/p>\n

Other large scale cases she suggested will result in decisions being handed down this year include a very long-running probe of (TechCrunch\u2019s parent company) Yahoo (n\u00e9e Oath)<\/a>, which was opened by the DPC back in August 2019 \u2014 and which she noted is also currently at the Article 60 stage.<\/p>\n

She added that there are \u201cmany further large scale inquiries travelling closely behind\u201d without offering any detail on which cases she was referring to.<\/p>\n

Plenty of Big Tech investigations remain undecided by Ireland \u2014 not least major probes into Google\u2019s adtech (opened May 2019<\/a>) and location tracking (February 2020<\/a>), to name two. (The former of which has led to the DPC being sued for inaction<\/a>.) Neither case merited a name-check by Dixon today so presumably \u2014 and luckily for Google \u2014 aren\u2019t on the slate for completion this year.<\/p>\n

Ireland holds an outsized enforcement role for the GDPR on Big Tech owing to how many multinational tech firms choose to locate their regional headquarters in the country (which also offers a corporate tax rate that undercuts those applied by many other EU Member States). Hence why parliamentarians were so keen to hear from Dixon and get her respond to concerns that enforcement of the regulation isn\u2019t holding platform giants to account in any kind of effective timeframe.<\/p>\n

One thing was clear from today\u2019s performance: Ireland\u2019s data protection commissioner did not come to appease her critics. Instead Dixon directed a large chunk of the time allocated to her for opening remarks to mount a robust defence of the DPC\u2019s \u201cbusy GDPR enforcement\u201d, as she couched it \u2014 rejecting attacks on its enforcement record by claiming, contrary to years of critical analysis (by rights groups such as noyb, BEUC and the Irish Council for Civil Liberties), that its legal analysis and infringement findings are \u201cgenerally accepted in all cases\u201d by fellow regulators who review its draft decisions.<\/p>\n

\u201cDifferences between the DPC and its fellow supervisory authorities [are] largely confined to marginal issues around the fringes,\u201d she also argued \u2014 taking another swipe at what she couched as an \u201cnarrative promulgated by some commentators that in many of the cross border cases in which high value fines were levied the DPC was forced to take tougher enforcement action by its fellow supervisory authorities across the EU\u201d that she claimed is \u201cinaccurate\u201d.<\/p>\n

Back on the day\u2019s topic of TikTok, she gave MEPs a status update on the data transfers decision \u2014 revealing that \u201ca preliminary draft of the draft decision\u201d is now with the company to make its \u201cfinal submissions\u201d. The GDPR\u2019s procedural track means Ireland must submit its draft decision to other concerned data protection authorities for review (and the chance to raise objections). So there could still be considerable mileage before a final decision lands in this inquiry.<\/p>\n

Dixon did not indicate how long it would take the TikTok data transfers inquiry to progress to the next step (aka Article 60), which fires up a cooperation mechanism baked into the GDPR that can itself add many more months to investigation timelines. But it\u2019s worth noting the DPC is trailing a little behind its own recent expectation for the draft decision timeline \u2014 back in November<\/a>, it told TechCrunch it expected to send a draft decision to Article 60 in the first quarter of 2023.<\/p>\n

Exports of European users\u2019 data to so-called third countries (outside the bloc), which lack a high level data adequacy agreement with the EU, have been under increased scrutiny since a landmark ruling by the Court of Justice back in July 2020. At that time, as well as striking down a flagship EU-US data transfer deal, EU judges made it clear data protection authorities must scrutinize use of another mechanism, called Standard Contractual Clauses, for transfers to third countries on a case-by-case basis \u2014 meaning no such data export could be assumed as safe.<\/p>\n

And, just yesterday<\/a>, a major GDPR data transfer decision did finally emerge out of Ireland \u2014 possibly offering a taster of the sort of enforcement that could be coming down the pipe for TikTok\u2019s data transfers in the EU \u2014 with Facebook being found to have infringed requirements that Europeans\u2019 information be protected to the same standard as under EU law when it\u2019s taken to the US.<\/p>\n

Facebook\u2019s parent company, Meta, was ordered to suspend unlawful data flows within six months and also issued with a record penalty of \u20ac1.2 billion for systematic breaches of the rulebook. Meta, meanwhile, has said it will appeal the decision and seek a stay on the implementation of the suspension order.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s anyone\u2019s guess when such a decision might land for TikTok\u2019s data transfers to China \u2014 a location where digital surveillance concerns are certainly no less alive than they are for the US \u2014 but MEP Moritz K\u00f6rner, of the Free Democratic Party, was one of several LIBE committee MEPs taking issue with the length of time it\u2019s taking for the GDPR to be enforced against another data-mining, data transferring adtech giant.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s good to hear today that you are in the final stage of your [TikTok] investigation but more than four years have gone by!\u201d he emphasized in questions to the Irish commissioner. \u201cAnd this is an app which millions of our citizens are using \u2014 including children and young people\u2026 So my question would be does data protection in Europe move quickly enough and what has happened over the past four years?\u201d<\/p>\n

Pirate party MEP, Patrick Breyer, had even more pointed remarks for Dixon. He kicked off by calling out her refusal to meet the committee last year \u2014 when she had reportedly<\/a> objected to being asked to appear at a session alongside privacy campaigner, Max Schrems, who had a live legal action open against the DPC related to its enforcement procedures of Meta\u2019s data transfers \u2014 which he suggested would have been the appropriate forum for her defence of the DPC\u2019s enforcement record, not a hearing on TikTok specifically. He then went on to hit out at the narrow scoping of the DPC\u2019s investigations into TikTok\u2019s operations \u2014 raising broader questions than the regulator is apparently inquiring into \u2014 such as over the legality of TikTok\u2019s tracking and profiling of users.<\/p>\n

\u201cHearing that what you are investigating in relation to TikTok is only children\u2019s data and data transfers to China \u2014 this addresses only a fraction of what is being criticised and debated about the service and this app,\u201d he argued. \u201cFor one thing using TikTok comes with pervasive first party and third party tracking of our every action or every click based on forced consent, which is not necessary for using the service and for providing it. This pervasive tracking has been found to be both a risk to our privacy but also to national security in the case of certain officials. And do you consider this content freely given and valid?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cSecondly, the app reportedly uses excessive permissions and device information collection, including hourly checking of our location, device mapping, external storage access, access to our contacts, third party apps data collection, none of which is necessary for the app to function. Will you act to protect us from these violations of our privacy?\u201d Breyer continued. \u201cIf you remain as inactive as this, as you have been for years, you know this will continue to call into question your competence for [overseeing] the social media companies in Ireland and it will result in more outright bans [by governments on services like TikTok] which is not in the interest of industry either. So I call on you to expand your investigations and to speed them up and cover all these issues of pervasive tracking and excessive surveillance.\u201d<\/p>\n

Another MEP, Karolin Braunsberger-Reinhold of the Christian Democratic Union, also touched on the issue of TikTok bans \u2014 such as one imposed by the Indian government, back in 2020<\/a> \u2014 but with apparently less concern about the prospect of a regional ban on the platform than Breyer since she wanted to know what the Dixon was considering \u201cbeyond fines\u201d? \u201cData protection is very important in the European Union so why are we allowing TikTok to send data back to China when we have no information on how that data is being dealt with once it goes back there?\u201d she wondered.<\/p>\n

MEPs on the LIBE committee also queried Dixon about what had happened with a TikTok task force set up at the start of 2020, by the European Data Protection Board (EDPB), following earlier concerns raised about privacy and security issues linked to its data collection practices.<\/p>\n

Such task forces are typically focused on harmonizing the application of the GDPR in cases where a data processors is not main established in an EU Member State. But TikTok went on \u2014 by December 2020 \u2014 to be granted main establishment status in Ireland which meant data protection investigations would now be funnelled via Ireland as its lead authority for the GDPR. This revised oversight structure most likely led to a disbanding of the EDPB TikTok task force, since the GDPR contains an established mechanism for cooperation, although Dixon did not provide an obvious response to MEPs on this point.<\/p>\n

The clear message from the LIBE committee to Ireland today, in its capacity as TikTok\u2019s lead privacy regulator in the EU, boiled down a simple question: Where is the enforcement?<\/p>\n

For her part, Dixon sought to dodge the latest flurry of critical barbs \u2014 rejecting accusations (and insinuations) of inaction by arguing that the length of time the DPC is taking to work through the TikTok inquiries is necessary given how much material it\u2019s examining.<\/p>\n

She also sought to characterize cross-border GDPR enforcement as \u201cshared\u201d decision-making, as a result of the structure imposed through the regulation\u2019s one-stop-shop mechanism looping concerned authorities into reviewing a lead authority\u2019s draft decisions \u2014 also referring to this process as \u201cdecision making by committee\u201d. Her point there being that group decision-making inevitably takes longer.<\/p>\n

\u201cI do want to assure you we\u2019re working as quickly as we can,\u201d she told MEPs at one point during the session. \u201cWe have well over 200 expert staff at the Irish Data Protection Commission. We\u2019re recruiting more. We\u2019re conscious of turning these decisions around\u2026 We transmitted that draft decision last October to our concerned authorities. It will be almost a year later now before we have the final decision. That is the form of decision making by committee that the GDPR lays down and it does take time.\u201d<\/p>\n

In the case of the TikTok data transfers probe, Dixon leant on the requirement handed down by the CJEU that regulators examine legality on a case by case basis as justifying what she implied was a careful, fact-sifting approach.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Court of Justice has obliged us to look at the specific circumstances and the factual backdrop of any specific set of of transfers before we can conclude and so while to some people the answers all seem obvious that\u2019s not the process in which we must engage. We must step, case by case, through on the specifics. And that\u2019s what we have done now and submitted a preliminary draft of our decision to TikTok for submissions,\u201d she argued.<\/p>\n

\u201cAs I said in my opening statement, we\u2019re far from inactive,\u201d she also asserted, before mounting another fierce defence of the DPC\u2019s record \u2014 claiming: \u201cWe are by any measure the most active enforcer of data protection law in the EU. Two thirds of all enforcement delivered across the EU\/EEA and UK last year was delivered by the Irish Data Protection Commission and that\u2019s verifiable facts.\u201d<\/p>\n

Responding to another question from the committee, regarding what sanctions the DPC is looking at if it finds TikTok has infringed the GDPR, Dixon emphasized it has \u201ca whole range of corrective measures up to bans on data processing that we can apply\u201d, not just fines.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn any investigation we\u2019re open minded in relation to what the applicable and effective measures will be when we conclude an investigation with infringement \u2014 so, I can assure you, where we have considered in the [TikTok] case that we\u2019ve already concluded \u2014 the children\u2019s data that\u2019s now with our fellow authorities \u2014 we have looked across the range of measures available to us in relation to that investigation,\u201d she told MEPs.<\/p>\n

The issue of fines that the DPC may (or may not) choose to impose for GDPR breaches is particularly topical \u2014 given it\u2019s emerged as a key detail in the aforement<\/span>ioned Meta data transfers enforcement.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In the Meta transfers case, Di<\/span>xon and the DPC had not wanted to levy any financial penalty on the tech giant for a multi-year breach affecting hundreds of millions of Europeans. However it was forced to include a fine in the final decision in order to implement a binding decision by the EDPB \u2014 which had ordered it to impose a fine of between 20% and 100% of the maximum possible under the GDPR (which is 4% of annual revenue). <\/span>In the event Ireland opted for the lower bar \u2014 setting the penalty at around 1% of Meta\u2019s annual revenue. <\/span><\/p>\n

In her remarks to MEPs today Dixon defended the DPC\u2019s decision not to propose fining Meta for its illegal transfers \u2014 however she offered no substantial argument for why it took such a position.<\/p>\n

\u201cAs I\u2019m sure you\u2019ll be aware, the DPC respectfully disagreed with the proposal to apply a fine. In our view, a meaningful change, if it was to be delivered, in this area\u00a0 required the suspension of transfers. No administrative fine could guarantee the kind of change required,\u201d she told MEPs, offering a straw man argument in defence of wanting to let Meta go without any financial sanction which seems to imply there\u2019s an either\/or equation for GDPR enforcement \u2014 i.e. corrective measures or punishment \u2014 when, very clearly, the regulation allows for both (and, indeed, intends that enforcement is dissuasive against future law breaking). Hence the EDPB\u2019s binding decision requiring Ireland to impose a substantial fine on Meta for such a systematic and length infringement of the GDPR.<\/p>\n

Instead of elaborating on the rational for choosing not to fine Meta, Dixon switched gears into a swipe of her own \u2014 directed at the EDPB \u2014 by making an observation that \u201call\u201d the Board\u2019s binding decisions in cases in which the DPC had acted as lead supervisory authority are subject to annulment proceedings before the Court of Justice of the European Union, before adding (somewhat acidly): \u201cAs such the CJEU, rather than the EDPB, will have the final say on the correct interpretation and application of the law.\u201d<\/p>\n

Social democrat MEP, Birgit Sippel, picked Dixon up on what she implied was a repeated lack of clarity emanating from the DPC on fines \u2014 and flagging a lack of \u201cclear answers\u201d from the Irish commissioner in her remarks to MEPs today on why it had failed to propose any penalty for Meta\u2019s data transfers.<\/p>\n

There was no come back from Dixon to that point.<\/p>\n

In her questioning, Sippel also wondered whether TikTok was cooperating with the DPC\u2019s investigations \u2014 or whether the DPC had adequate access to information from it in order to conduct proper oversight. On this Dixon said the company is cooperating with the two investigations, while noting TikTok has \u201cfrom time to time\u201d been asking for extensions to submission deadlines which she implied were typically granted as she considered they were merited on account of the amount of volume of material involved \u2014 but which provides another small glimpse to put flesh on the bones of GDPR enforcement timeline creep.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Asked for a response to views expressed by MEPs during the LIBE committee hearing, a TikTok spokesperson told us: \u201cWe welcome the Data Protection Commissioner\u2019s acknowledgement that TikTok<\/span> has been cooperative and responsive with the regulator. As a company we are readily available to meet with lawmakers and regulators to address any concerns.\u201d<\/p>\n

In a press release about Dixon\u2019s appearance in front of the committee today, the DPC wrote:<\/p>\n

\n

The Data Protection Commission (\u201cthe DPC\u201d) was today delighted to be invited to make its first address before the European Parliament\u2019s Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs<\/em> (\u201cthe LIBE Committee\u201d). The address coincided with the five-year anniversary of the application of the General Data Protection Regulation (\u201cthe GDPR\u201d) and covered a wide-range of topics, including the extensive enforcement work of the DPC over the last five years and the progress of some of the large-scale investigations it currently has on-hand; in particular those relating to TikTok.<\/p>\n

Today\u2019s address by Commissioner for Data Protection, Helen Dixon, built on the ongoing positive engagement between the DPC and the LIBE Committee, following the visit of a LIBE delegation to the DPC\u2019s offices last September. Welcoming the chance to highlight the successful enforcement work of the DPC to date, Commissioner Dixon reflected on the constructive and useful nature of engagement with the LIBE Committee \u201cas we each, from our respective remits, pursue the drive for fair and effective enforcement of data protection law and protection of fundamental rights.\u201d<\/p>\n

Commissioner Dixon was also pleased to answer questions from the MEPs in attendance and provide additional clarity as to the nature and scale of the DPC\u2019s work.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote><\/div>\n

<\/br><\/br><\/br><\/p>\n

Science, Tech, Technology<\/br>
\n<\/br>
\nSource:https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2023\/05\/23\/tiktok-helen-dixon-libe-committee\/<\/a><\/br><\/br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Source:https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2023\/05\/23\/tiktok-helen-dixon-libe-committee\/ TikTok\u2019s lead privacy regulator in Europe takes heat from MEPs 2023-05-23 21:45:51 MEPs in the European Parliament took the opportunity of a rare in-person appearance by Ireland\u2019s data protection commissioner, Helen Dixon, to criticize the bloc\u2019s lead privacy regulator for most of Big Tech over how long it\u2019s taking to investigate the video-sharing social […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32916,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"pagelayer_contact_templates":[],"_pagelayer_content":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,17,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32915","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-tech","category-technology"],"yoast_head":"\nTikTok\u2019s lead privacy regulator in Europe takes heat from MEPs - 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