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{"id":37337,"date":"2023-08-24T21:58:11","date_gmt":"2023-08-24T21:58:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2023\/08\/24\/the-ai-tools-making-images-look-better\/"},"modified":"2023-08-24T21:58:12","modified_gmt":"2023-08-24T21:58:12","slug":"the-ai-tools-making-images-look-better","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2023\/08\/24\/the-ai-tools-making-images-look-better\/","title":{"rendered":"The AI Tools Making Images Look Better"},"content":{"rendered":"

Source:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/the-ai-tools-making-images-look-better-20230823\/#comments<\/a><\/br>
\nThe AI Tools Making Images Look Better<\/br>
\n2023-08-24 21:58:11<\/br><\/p>\n

\n

It\u2019s one of the biggest cliches in crime and science fiction: An investigator pulls up a blurry photo on a computer screen and asks for it to be enhanced, and boom, the image comes into focus, revealing some essential clue. It\u2019s a wonderful storytelling convenience, but it\u2019s been a frustrating fiction for decades \u2014 blow up an image too much, and it becomes visibly pixelated. There isn\u2019t enough data to do more.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf you just na\u00efvely upscale an image, it\u2019s going to be blurry. There\u2019s going to be a lot of detail, but it\u2019s going to be wrong,\u201d said Bryan Catanzaro<\/a>, vice president of applied deep learning research at Nvidia.<\/p>\n

Recently, researchers and professionals have begun incorporating artificial intelligence algorithms into their image-enhancing tools, making the process easier and more powerful, but there are still limits to how much data can be retrieved from any image. Luckily, as researchers push enhancement algorithms ever further, they are finding new ways to cope with those limits \u2014 even, at times, finding ways to overcome them.<\/p>\n

In the past decade, researchers started enhancing images with a new kind of AI model called a generative adversarial network, or GAN, which could produce detailed, impressive-looking pictures. \u201cThe images suddenly started looking a lot better,\u201d said Tomer Michaeli<\/a>, an electrical engineer at the Technion in Israel. But he was surprised that images made by GANs showed high levels of distortion, which measures how close an enhanced image is to the underlying reality of what it shows. GANs produced images that looked pretty and natural, but they were actually making up, or \u201challucinating,\u201d details that weren\u2019t accurate, which registered as high levels of distortion.<\/p>\n

Michaeli watched the field of photo restoration split into two distinct sub-communities. \u201cOne showed nice pictures, many made by GANs. The other showed data, but they didn\u2019t show many images, because they didn\u2019t look nice,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

In 2017, Michaeli and his graduate student Yochai Blau looked into this dichotomy more formally. They plotted the performance of various image-enhancement algorithms on a graph of distortion versus perceptual quality, using a known measure for perceptual quality that correlates well with humans\u2019 subjective judgment. As Michaeli expected, some of the algorithms resulted in very high visual quality, while others were very accurate, with low distortion. But none had both advantages; you had to pick one or the other. The researchers dubbed this the perception-distortion trade-off<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Michaeli also challenged other researchers<\/a> to come up with algorithms that could produce the best image quality for a given level of distortion, to allow fair comparisons between the pretty-picture algorithms and the nice-stats ones. Since then, hundreds of AI researchers have reported on the distortion and perception qualities of their algorithms, citing the Michaeli and Blau paper<\/a> that described the trade-off.<\/p>\n

Sometimes, the implications of the perception-distortion trade-off aren\u2019t dire. Nvidia, for instance, found that high-definition screens weren\u2019t nicely rendering some lower-definition visual content, so in February it released a tool that uses deep learning to upscale streaming video. In this case, Nvidia\u2019s engineers chose perceptual quality over accuracy, accepting the fact that when the algorithm upscales video, it will make up some visual details that aren\u2019t in the original video. \u201cThe model is hallucinating. It\u2019s all a guess,\u201d Catanzaro said. \u201cMost of the time it\u2019s fine for a super-resolution model to guess wrong, as long as it\u2019s consistent.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/br><\/br><\/br><\/p>\n

Uncategorized<\/br>
\n<\/br>
\nSource:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/the-ai-tools-making-images-look-better-20230823\/#comments<\/a><\/br><\/br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Source:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/the-ai-tools-making-images-look-better-20230823\/#comments The AI Tools Making Images Look Better 2023-08-24 21:58:11 It\u2019s one of the biggest cliches in crime and science fiction: An investigator pulls up a blurry photo on a computer screen and asks for it to be enhanced, and boom, the image comes into focus, revealing some essential clue. It\u2019s a wonderful storytelling convenience, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":37338,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"pagelayer_contact_templates":[],"_pagelayer_content":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37337","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nThe AI Tools Making Images Look Better - Science and Nerds<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2023\/08\/24\/the-ai-tools-making-images-look-better\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The AI Tools Making Images Look Better - Science and Nerds\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Source:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/the-ai-tools-making-images-look-better-20230823\/#comments The AI Tools Making Images Look Better 2023-08-24 21:58:11 It\u2019s one of the biggest cliches in crime and science fiction: An investigator pulls up a blurry photo on a computer screen and asks for it to be enhanced, and boom, the image comes into focus, revealing some essential clue. 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