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{"id":38046,"date":"2023-11-01T21:58:15","date_gmt":"2023-11-01T21:58:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2023\/11\/01\/bats-use-the-same-brain-cells-to-map-physical-and-social-worlds\/"},"modified":"2023-11-01T21:58:16","modified_gmt":"2023-11-01T21:58:16","slug":"bats-use-the-same-brain-cells-to-map-physical-and-social-worlds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2023\/11\/01\/bats-use-the-same-brain-cells-to-map-physical-and-social-worlds\/","title":{"rendered":"Bats Use the Same Brain Cells to Map Physical and Social Worlds"},"content":{"rendered":"

Source:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/bats-use-the-same-brain-cells-to-map-physical-and-social-worlds-20231031\/#comments<\/a><\/br>
\nBats Use the Same Brain Cells to Map Physical and Social Worlds<\/br>
\n2023-11-01 21:58:15<\/br><\/p>\n

\n

In Yartsev\u2019s lab they built an artificial cave: a living room-size flight room designed to measure the bats\u2019 brain activity while tracking their behavior. Five to seven bats at a time were free to fly about the room, which was lined with sound-dampening foam and equipped with perches and fruit to eat. To follow the bats\u2019 precise 3D movements, the researchers outfitted collars with accelerometers and mobile tags \u2014 modified from systems used to track packages within warehouses \u2014 which communicated with sensors installed in the room\u2019s walls. The team also implanted tiny electrodes into the bats\u2019 brains to wirelessly record hippocampal neurons firing as the animals flew around their enclosure and interacted with each other.<\/p>\n

The researchers put all this elaborate effort into their experimental setup so that they could investigate the bats\u2019 spontaneous social interactions, which would presumably be like those experienced in the wild. That meant largely leaving the bats to their own devices without human meddling.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe idea was just to take humans out of the room,\u201d Yartsev said, and let bats do what bats normally do.<\/p>\n

As expected, the place cells for a given bat changed their activity based on the bat\u2019s location in the cave. Certain place cells fired more frequently when the bat was in a particular spot, while others increased their firing when the bat was someplace else.<\/p>\n

The presence or absence of other bats also influenced the neurons\u2019 firing. As a bat went in for a landing, the place cells behaved differently depending on whether there was a roostmate at the landing site. What\u2019s more, the neurons appeared to encode the identity of specific bats, distinguishing friends from acquaintances. If a bat landed next to a close social contact, the neurons behaved differently than if it landed near a bat it didn\u2019t spend much time with.<\/p>\n

In short, the bats\u2019 navigation system appeared to do double duty as a social map. The mammals weren\u2019t just moving around their home \u2014 they were also using the exact same brain cells to track who was on the premises.<\/p>\n

\u201c[The researchers] knock it out of the park with respect to studying the neuroscience of a natural behavior,\u201d said the behavioral neuroscientist Andy Alexander<\/a> of the University of California, Santa Barbara, who was not involved in the study.<\/p>\n

The discovery immediately spurred questions about whether this reuse of hippocampal place cells applies beyond Egyptian fruit bats in the evolution of the social brain. The hippocampus is an ancient brain structure: It is highly conserved among mammals with diverse lifestyles and degrees of sociality, from largely solitary platypuses to highly communal people. It\u2019s possible that the hippocampus\u2019s navigation system logs the social environment similarly across species. However, it\u2019s equally possible that the place circuitry evolved this dual purpose only in the Egyptian fruit bat. Only additional research can fill in the gaps.<\/p>\n

The findings go beyond the social map. They also fit with the concept of mixed selectivity, Alexander said: the idea that it\u2019s more computationally efficient for single neurons to encode multiple features of the environment.<\/p>\n

In that sense, Forli said, the hippocampus may be like a powerful graphics card in a computer, which can have many uses, from rendering graphics for video games to performing machine learning computations. The hippocampus may be great at particular kinds of computations and may have the ability to be modified or programmed by evolution.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019ve classically thought of the hippocampus as having these [place] cells that code particular locations in space,\u201d Alexander said. \u201cBut I think more and more we\u2019re discovering that it\u2019s actually highly adaptive and flexible, and that the hippocampus will code for all sorts of things depending on what you present to it.\u201d<\/p>\n

Quanta\u00a0is conducting a series of surveys to better serve our audience. Take our\u00a0<\/i>biology reader survey<\/i><\/a>\u00a0and you will be entered to win free\u00a0<\/i>Quanta\u00a0merchandise.<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/br><\/br><\/br><\/p>\n

Uncategorized<\/br>
\n<\/br>
\nSource:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/bats-use-the-same-brain-cells-to-map-physical-and-social-worlds-20231031\/#comments<\/a><\/br><\/br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Source:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/bats-use-the-same-brain-cells-to-map-physical-and-social-worlds-20231031\/#comments Bats Use the Same Brain Cells to Map Physical and Social Worlds 2023-11-01 21:58:15 In Yartsev\u2019s lab they built an artificial cave: a living room-size flight room designed to measure the bats\u2019 brain activity while tracking their behavior. Five to seven bats at a time were free to fly about the room, which was […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":38047,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"pagelayer_contact_templates":[],"_pagelayer_content":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38046","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nBats Use the Same Brain Cells to Map Physical and Social Worlds - Science and Nerds<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2023\/11\/01\/bats-use-the-same-brain-cells-to-map-physical-and-social-worlds\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bats Use the Same Brain Cells to Map Physical and Social Worlds - Science and Nerds\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Source:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/bats-use-the-same-brain-cells-to-map-physical-and-social-worlds-20231031\/#comments Bats Use the Same Brain Cells to Map Physical and Social Worlds 2023-11-01 21:58:15 In Yartsev\u2019s lab they built an artificial cave: a living room-size flight room designed to measure the bats\u2019 brain activity while tracking their behavior. 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