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{"id":38326,"date":"2023-11-29T21:58:06","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T21:58:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2023\/11\/29\/evolving-bacteria-can-evade-barriers-to-peak-fitness\/"},"modified":"2023-11-29T21:58:07","modified_gmt":"2023-11-29T21:58:07","slug":"evolving-bacteria-can-evade-barriers-to-peak-fitness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2023\/11\/29\/evolving-bacteria-can-evade-barriers-to-peak-fitness\/","title":{"rendered":"Evolving Bacteria Can Evade Barriers to \u2018Peak\u2019 Fitness"},"content":{"rendered":"

Source:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/evolving-bacteria-can-evade-barriers-to-peak-fitness-20231128\/#comments<\/a><\/br>
\nEvolving Bacteria Can Evade Barriers to \u2018Peak\u2019 Fitness<\/br>
\n2023-11-29 21:58:06<\/br><\/p>\n

\n

For many decades, exploring fitness landscapes was primarily the reserve of theoreticians working with simulated organisms, or pioneering experimentalists working on a relatively small scale. But with the rise of easy, inexpensive gene editing technology, the team behind the new paper wondered if they could build a very large adaptive landscape using living organisms, said Andreas Wagner<\/a>, a professor of biology of the University of Zurich and an author of the new paper.<\/p>\n

They decided to plot the fitness effects of a single gene in the bacterium Escherichia coli<\/em>. Dihydrofolate reductase, the enzyme that this gene encodes, is a target of the antibiotic trimethoprim, and mutations in the gene can make the bacterium resistant to the drug. Wagner and his colleagues, including lead author Andrei Papkou<\/a>, a postdoc at the University of Zurich, created more than 260,000 genetically distinct strains of E. coli<\/em>, each of which used a different permutation of nine amino acids in the functional core of its version of the enzyme.<\/p>\n

They grew the strains in the presence of trimethoprim and kept track of which ones thrived. The plot of their data revealed a landscape with hundreds of peaks of various heights, representing how well each of the genetic variants (genotypes) enabled the bacteria to evade the drug.<\/p>\n

Then the researchers looked at how hard it would be for the different strains to evolve to reach one of the highest peaks. For each genotype, they calculated what series of mutations would be necessary to transform it into one of the highly resistant strains.<\/p>\n

As Wright predicted decades ago, some paths ended atop low peaks that left no opportunity for further improvement. But many of the paths \u2014 routes by which, one mutation at a time, organisms could change their genotypes \u2014 reached fairly high points.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe got good statistics on how frequently they get stuck on low peaks,\u201d Wagner said. \u201cAnd it\u2019s not frequently at all. \u2026 Seventy-five percent of our populations reach clinically relevant antibiotic resistances.\u201d<\/p>\n

That tallies with what Sam Scarpino<\/a>, a biologist and disease modeler who is the director of AI + Life Sciences at Northeastern University, said he would expect. \u201cThey have this very nice result that we\u2019ve predicted,\u201d he said, pointing to a recent theoretical paper<\/a> exploring the relationship between the ruggedness and navigability of fitness landscapes. When fitness landscapes are high-dimensional \u2014 when they go beyond the simple three dimensions of most people\u2019s imaginations to, say, the nine dimensions used in Wagner\u2019s study \u2014 very different networks of regulatory genes that produce the same physical traits are more likely to be close together on a landscape or to be connected by an accessible pathway.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/br><\/br><\/br><\/p>\n

Uncategorized<\/br>
\n<\/br>
\nSource:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/evolving-bacteria-can-evade-barriers-to-peak-fitness-20231128\/#comments<\/a><\/br><\/br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Source:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/evolving-bacteria-can-evade-barriers-to-peak-fitness-20231128\/#comments Evolving Bacteria Can Evade Barriers to \u2018Peak\u2019 Fitness 2023-11-29 21:58:06 For many decades, exploring fitness landscapes was primarily the reserve of theoreticians working with simulated organisms, or pioneering experimentalists working on a relatively small scale. But with the rise of easy, inexpensive gene editing technology, the team behind the new paper wondered if they […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":38327,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"pagelayer_contact_templates":[],"_pagelayer_content":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nEvolving Bacteria Can Evade Barriers to \u2018Peak\u2019 Fitness - Science and Nerds<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2023\/11\/29\/evolving-bacteria-can-evade-barriers-to-peak-fitness\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Evolving Bacteria Can Evade Barriers to \u2018Peak\u2019 Fitness - Science and Nerds\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Source:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/evolving-bacteria-can-evade-barriers-to-peak-fitness-20231128\/#comments Evolving Bacteria Can Evade Barriers to \u2018Peak\u2019 Fitness 2023-11-29 21:58:06 For many decades, exploring fitness landscapes was primarily the reserve of theoreticians working with simulated organisms, or pioneering experimentalists working on a relatively small scale. 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