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{"id":39464,"date":"2024-03-11T21:58:41","date_gmt":"2024-03-11T21:58:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2024\/03\/11\/new-breakthrough-brings-matrix-multiplication-closer-to-ideal\/"},"modified":"2024-03-11T21:58:42","modified_gmt":"2024-03-11T21:58:42","slug":"new-breakthrough-brings-matrix-multiplication-closer-to-ideal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2024\/03\/11\/new-breakthrough-brings-matrix-multiplication-closer-to-ideal\/","title":{"rendered":"New Breakthrough Brings Matrix Multiplication Closer to Ideal"},"content":{"rendered":"

Source:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/new-breakthrough-brings-matrix-multiplication-closer-to-ideal-20240307\/#comments<\/a><\/br>
\nNew Breakthrough Brings Matrix Multiplication Closer to Ideal<\/br>
\n2024-03-11 21:58:41<\/br><\/p>\n

\n

That\u2019s where Strassen\u2019s laser method finally comes into play. \u201cThe laser method typically works very well and generally finds a good way to kill a subset of blocks to remove the overlap,\u201d Le Gall said. After the laser has eliminated, or \u201cburned away,\u201d all the overlaps, you can construct the final product matrix, C.<\/p>\n

Putting these various techniques together results in an algorithm for multiplying two matrices with a deliberately stingy number of multiplications overall \u2014 at least in theory. The laser method is not intended to be practical; it\u2019s just a way to think about the ideal way to multiply matrices. \u201cWe never run the method [on a computer],\u201d Zhou said. \u201cWe analyze it.\u201d<\/p>\n

And that analysis is what led to the biggest improvement to omega in more than a decade.<\/p>\n

A Loss Is Found<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Last summer\u2019s paper, by Duan, Zhou and Wu, showed that Strassen\u2019s process could still be sped up significantly. It was all because of a concept they called a hidden loss, buried deep within previous analyses \u2014 \u201ca result of unintentionally killing too many blocks,\u201d Zhou said.<\/p>\n

The laser method works by labeling blocks with overlaps as garbage, slated for disposal; other blocks are deemed worthy and will be saved. The selection process, however, is somewhat randomized. A block rated as garbage may, in fact, turn out to be useful after all. This wasn\u2019t a total surprise, but by examining many of these random choices, Duan\u2019s team determined that the laser method was systematically undervaluing blocks: More blocks should be saved and fewer thrown out. And, as is usually the case, less waste translates into greater efficiency.<\/p>\n

\u201cBeing able to keep more blocks without overlap thus leads to \u2026 a faster matrix multiplication algorithm,\u201d Le Gall said.<\/p>\n

After proving the existence of this loss, Duan\u2019s team modified the way that the laser method labeled blocks, reducing the waste substantially. As a result, they set a new upper bound for omega at around 2.371866 \u2014 an improvement over the previous upper bound of 2.3728596, set in 2020<\/a> by Josh Alman and Vassilevska Williams. That may seem like a modest change, lowering the bound by just about 0.001. But it\u2019s the single biggest improvement scientists have seen since 2010. Vassilevska Williams and Alman\u2019s 2020 result, by comparison, only improved upon its predecessor by 0.00001.<\/p>\n

But what\u2019s most exciting for researchers isn\u2019t just the new record itself \u2014 which didn\u2019t last long. It\u2019s also the fact that the paper revealed a new avenue for improvement that, until then, had gone totally unnoticed. For nearly four decades, everyone has been relying upon the same laser method, Le Gall said. \u201cThen they found that, well, we can do better.\u201d<\/p>\n

The January 2024 paper refined this new approach, enabling Vassilevska Williams, Zhou and their co-authors to further reduce the hidden loss. This led to an additional improvement of omega\u2019s upper bound, reducing it to 2.371552. The authors also generalized that same technique to improve the multiplication process for rectangular (n<\/em>-by-m<\/em>) matrices \u2014 a procedure that has applications in graph theory, machine learning and other areas.<\/p>\n

Some further progress along these lines is all but certain, but there are limits. In 2015, Le Gall and two collaborators proved<\/a> that the current approach \u2014 the laser method coupled with the Coppersmith-Winograd recipe \u2014 cannot yield an omega below 2.3078. To make any further improvements, Le Gall said, \u201cyou need to improve upon the original [approach] of Coppersmith and Winograd that has not really changed since 1987.\u201d<\/strong> But so far, nobody has come up with a better way. There may not even be one.<\/p>\n

\u201cImproving omega is actually part of understanding this problem,\u201d Zhou said. \u201cIf we can understand the problem well, then we can design better algorithms for it. [And] people are still in the very early stages of understanding this age-old problem.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/br><\/br><\/br><\/p>\n

Uncategorized<\/br>
\n<\/br>
\nSource:
https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/new-breakthrough-brings-matrix-multiplication-closer-to-ideal-20240307\/#comments<\/a><\/br><\/br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Source:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/new-breakthrough-brings-matrix-multiplication-closer-to-ideal-20240307\/#comments New Breakthrough Brings Matrix Multiplication Closer to Ideal 2024-03-11 21:58:41 That\u2019s where Strassen\u2019s laser method finally comes into play. \u201cThe laser method typically works very well and generally finds a good way to kill a subset of blocks to remove the overlap,\u201d Le Gall said. After the laser has eliminated, or \u201cburned away,\u201d all […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":39465,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"pagelayer_contact_templates":[],"_pagelayer_content":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nNew Breakthrough Brings Matrix Multiplication Closer to Ideal - Science and Nerds<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2024\/03\/11\/new-breakthrough-brings-matrix-multiplication-closer-to-ideal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New Breakthrough Brings Matrix Multiplication Closer to Ideal - Science and Nerds\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Source:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/new-breakthrough-brings-matrix-multiplication-closer-to-ideal-20240307\/#comments New Breakthrough Brings Matrix Multiplication Closer to Ideal 2024-03-11 21:58:41 That\u2019s where Strassen\u2019s laser method finally comes into play. \u201cThe laser method typically works very well and generally finds a good way to kill a subset of blocks to remove the overlap,\u201d Le Gall said. 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