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{"id":39569,"date":"2024-03-19T21:58:37","date_gmt":"2024-03-19T21:58:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2024\/03\/19\/brains-background-noise-may-explain-value-of-shock-therapy\/"},"modified":"2024-03-19T21:58:38","modified_gmt":"2024-03-19T21:58:38","slug":"brains-background-noise-may-explain-value-of-shock-therapy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2024\/03\/19\/brains-background-noise-may-explain-value-of-shock-therapy\/","title":{"rendered":"Brain\u2019s \u2018Background Noise\u2019 May Explain Value of Shock Therapy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Source:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/brains-background-noise-may-explain-value-of-shock-therapy-20240318\/#comments<\/a><\/br>
\nBrain\u2019s \u2018Background Noise\u2019 May Explain Value of Shock Therapy<\/br>
\n2024-03-19 21:58:37<\/br><\/p>\n

\n

Electroconvulsive therapy has a public relations problem. The treatment, which sends electric currents through the brain to induce a brief seizure, has barbaric, inhumane connotations \u2014 for example, it was portrayed as a sadistic punishment in the film One Flew Over the Cuckoo\u2019s Nest<\/em>. But for patients with depression that does not improve with medications, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can be highly effective.<\/p>\n

Studies have found that some 50% to 70% of patients with major depressive disorder see their symptoms improve<\/a> after a course of ECT. In comparison, medications aimed at altering brain chemistry help only 10% to 40%<\/a> of depression patients.<\/p>\n

Still, even after many decades of use, scientists don\u2019t know how ECT alters the brain\u2019s underlying biology. Bradley Voytek<\/a>, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Diego, said a psychiatrist once told him that the therapy \u201creboots the brain\u201d \u2014 an explanation he found \u201creally unsatisfying.\u201d<\/p>\n

Recently, Voytek and his collaborators paired their research into the brain\u2019s electrical patterns with patient data to explore why inducing seizures has antidepressant effects. In two studies published last fall, the researchers observed that ECT and a related seizure therapy increased the unstructured background noise<\/a> hiding behind well-defined brain waves. Neuroscientists call this background noise \u201caperiodic activity.\u201d<\/p>\n

The authors suggested that induced seizures might help restore the brain\u2019s balance of excitation and inhibition, which could have an overall antidepressant effect.<\/p>\n

\u201cEvery time that I talk to someone who\u2019s not in this field about this work they\u2019re like, \u2018They still do that? They still use electroshock? I thought that was just in horror movies,\u2019\u201d said Sydney Smith<\/a>, a graduate student in neuroscience in Voytek\u2019s lab and the first author of the new studies. \u201cDealing with the stigma around it has become even more of a motivation to figure out how it works.\u201d<\/p>\n

About eight years ago, Voytek teamed up with the psychiatrist Maryam Soltani<\/a>, also at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues, who were collecting electroencephalogram data on patients undergoing ECT for diagnosed major depressive disorder. The researchers attached electrodes to the front of the patients\u2019 heads to measure the brain\u2019s electrical output before and after ECT treatment.<\/p>\n

Decades of electroencephalogram studies have shown that a healthy brain\u2019s electrical output produces patterns of repetitive oscillations, or brain waves. For example, alpha waves, with frequencies of 8 to 12 hertz, tend to appear during deep relaxation or sleep. Previous research that connected alpha waves with depression led Soltani and Voytek to initially hypothesize that ECT influences alpha waves. If true, that would also help explain why ECT tends to slow certain frequencies<\/a> in the electroencephalogram output.<\/p>\n

But a preliminary analysis of the first two patients showed something different: a marked increase in aperiodic activity or \u201cbackground noise\u201d coming from the brain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/br><\/br><\/br><\/p>\n

Uncategorized<\/br>
\n<\/br>
\nSource:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/brains-background-noise-may-explain-value-of-shock-therapy-20240318\/#comments<\/a><\/br><\/br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Source:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/brains-background-noise-may-explain-value-of-shock-therapy-20240318\/#comments Brain\u2019s \u2018Background Noise\u2019 May Explain Value of Shock Therapy 2024-03-19 21:58:37 Electroconvulsive therapy has a public relations problem. The treatment, which sends electric currents through the brain to induce a brief seizure, has barbaric, inhumane connotations \u2014 for example, it was portrayed as a sadistic punishment in the film One Flew Over the Cuckoo\u2019s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":39570,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"pagelayer_contact_templates":[],"_pagelayer_content":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nBrain\u2019s \u2018Background Noise\u2019 May Explain Value of Shock Therapy - Science and Nerds<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceandnerds.com\/2024\/03\/19\/brains-background-noise-may-explain-value-of-shock-therapy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Brain\u2019s \u2018Background Noise\u2019 May Explain Value of Shock Therapy - Science and Nerds\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Source:https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/brains-background-noise-may-explain-value-of-shock-therapy-20240318\/#comments Brain\u2019s \u2018Background Noise\u2019 May Explain Value of Shock Therapy 2024-03-19 21:58:37 Electroconvulsive therapy has a public relations problem. 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